Global Warming And Its Impact On Our Earth - 1384 Words

In copious parts of the world, there are an abundance of factors that add to the destruction of our Earth. These issues include air, water, and environmental problems that we contribute to everyday. These concerns create major impacts that pertains to much of the globe and the world in which we inhabit today, compared to the world we lived in 50 years ago. Frequent questions that contribute to global warming include the following: how and why does the community supply detrimental factors to the Earth to cause global warming, and how can the community contribute to the repair of our vanishing Earth? Both of these questions are constantly the idea behind many global organizations that aid in the improvement of our world. This topic needs to be addressed immediately in order to preserve what we have left of our Earth. Global warming is â€Å"the gradual heating of Earth s surface, oceans and atmosphere† (Bradford). This issue has been a constant worry around the world for as long as the world has been around, along with humans occupying it. Many people tend to believe that global warming is an issue that cannot be solved. However, this is a false accusation about the overall health and condition of our world. Global Warming affects our entire world. There are three beneficial factors that hold a key purpose in the concept of global warming. Air, water, and environmental factors are basic key points in regards to this global issue. Air, for example, has many other sub groupsShow MoreRelatedGlobal Warming And Its Impact On Our Earth1676 Words   |  7 Pagesthe destruction of our Earth. These issues include air, water, and environmental problems that we, as a global society, contribute to everyday. These concerns create major impacts that pertains to much of the globe and the world in which we inhabit today, compared to the world we lived in 50 years ago. Frequent statements that contribute to the overall thought of global warming include the following: how the community supplies detrimental factors to the Earth to cause global warming, and how can theRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The World1267 Words   |  6 Pages Over the course of the years global warming has become a threatening issue that scientists and the government have been cognizant about. Global warming is the term used to describe a gradual increase in the average temperature of the Earth s atmosphere and its oceans, a change that is believed to be permanently changing the Earth’s climate. The earth periodically warms up and cools down. The Earth is currently going through a warming trend that coincides with the industrial revolution. ThisRead MoreGlobal Warming Is A Big Problem1320 Words   |  6 PagesGallos English 3 Global Warming Global warming is a big problem and impacts our environment in a negative way because it is heating the Earth. Global warming impacts all of the life around us even though not many people recognize it. There are many problems that global warming will make to our environment and it has already impacted it over time. Although, there are many problems, there are also solutions to stop global warming. Climate change is most closely related to global warming and many scientistsRead MoreThe Impact Of Global Warming On The Earth900 Words   |  4 PagesTitle: The Impact of Global Warming Purpose Statement: To inform my audience about how global warming is impacting the earth. Central Idea: Data shows that all throughout history, the temperature of our planet has changed over and over again for natural reasons. Holli Riebeek, education and outreach specialist at NASA, stated that these changes are due to small shifts in the Earth’s orbit and the Sun’s energy levels varying throughout time. Today, unfortunately, with the average temperature of theRead More Exemplification Essay: Why The World Is Doomed1086 Words   |  5 Pagespeople see a beautiful earth. The earth is intriguing, but hinges on a delicate balance. Many natural resources keep the grass green and the sky blue. Man has made quite an impression on our world, and has transformed the earths resources into tools to make life easy. However, mans manipulation on earth has become detrimental to the health of our planet and the safety of mankind. Through the use and production of resources such as oil and energy, man is gradually poisoning the earth. Pollution has becomeRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Impact On The World1042 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal Warming Yarely Juarez Jack F.Macy Intermediate School Abstract Global warming is a topic that concern many scientists and other people. lbis paper will be stating on the causes,history, technology, and etc. Inthis research paper you will find most of the history of global warming, how it has had a impact on the world, how it impacts us and our daily lives, and etc. Also I (Yarely Juarez) will be stating what are the planning or direction of this technology. Many 7t11Read MoreThe Effects of Global Warming Essay1190 Words   |  5 Pagesis the global warming. Look at the events that shook us in the past few years – heat, fire, storm, and flood, all this is like mother earth is warning us about something. These extreme weather conditions, which used to occur once or twice in a decade, are happening more frequently, due to global warming. Causes of global warming are plenty. But, before going into the causes, let me share the experience with the survey conducted on the questions given, and look at what people think of global warmingRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The Earth901 Words   |  4 Pages What is Global Warming? Countless feel as if it is a natural phenomenon that the Earth cycles through. They are terribly mistaken. It is the effect of greenhouse gasses that are emitted by the machines we use today. These gasses are becoming trapped in the earth’s atmosphere, causing the temperature to rise. The effects of global warming are all around us and are becoming more prominent. There are already efforts in place to stop it and programs to â€Å"go green†. This climate change is a serious threatRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On Our Planet s Ecosystem1 173 Words   |  5 PagesMother Earth is burning as we speak; humanity has killed our precious Earth. Global-warming is a vicious killer that was created by the humans on this Earth, and there s no way to cure it. We, as humans, have the power to cleanse the Earth, but instead we destroy it. Heat is absorbed by carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases. A greenhouse gas absorbs thermal radiation emitted by the Earth s surface. As the sun s energy reaches the Earth’s surface, some of it is released into space, some is absorbedRead MoreClimate Change Of Global Warming924 Words   |  4 Pagesshows the different effects of global warming. Global warming is the warming of our planet at an extreme rate. The Earth’s climate has warmed by 7.8OC since 1880. (Quick facts about science, 2015). What causes global warming? The cause of global warming is the carbon dioxide. This acts like a blanket. Protecting the earth, and heating the earth. Sun rays would normally bounce around the earth, but with the blanket, the sun rays heat the blanket which heats the earth. (Petersen Science Text Book by

Methods of Trafficking and Counters Essay - 1218 Words

METHODS OF TRAFFICKING AND COUNTERS Many people choose to try and make fortunes through the illegal trade of drugs. This type of business gives the highest return of dollars spent, but is one of the hardest products to ship. There are many techniques that have been used throughout the years in order to try and get the illegal substances into the United States, which leads to the government’s response to counter the illegal transshipments. Although the War on Drugs appears to be a futile effort, there are many ways to tighten down on the drug traffickers and successfully put them out of business utilizing government tactics and education. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The main ways to ship illegal substances into the United States are†¦show more content†¦This will force parents to take a more active interest into their children’s activities. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Many other types of methods are utilized on the ground to transport drugs into the United States through the borders. Although every road that leads into America’s soil has a port of entry and checkpoints, there are still traffickers that attempt to get pass the security and get the product to the destination. The majority of these traffickers are female and not all of them are caught. The most common method used to transport on the ground is in an automobile with the hopes that the border guard will not inspect the vehicle. The Mexican border has become a conduit for illegal transportation into the United States from South America (Clawson, 22). The convenience and location are the reasons that traffickers seeking to get the illegal substance to America utilize this border. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;With such a large border it has become impossible to physically man every mile, but one way to keep a watchful eye on the activities is to employ un-manned aerial vehicles (UAVs). UAVs have been utilized by the Department of Defense for years and have the capability to cover more ground than an actual on-foot boarder patrol. These machines also will not put the actual patrol in danger during observation missions. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The final type of travelShow MoreRelatedThe Crime Of Human Trafficking1614 Words   |  7 Pageshuman trafficking is also more complex than other crimes, because it generally does not account for other circumstances. Other circumstances include, immigrants, runaways, and individuals that order wives to name a few. The UN defines human trafficking as an act related to kidnapping, forcible confinement, debt bondage, forced labour [sic], cross–border exploitation, and the recruitment and harbouring [sic] of persons (Golbya, 2015, p. 28). The role of the government in counter-trafficking programsRead MoreModern Day Human Sex Trafficking1151 Words   |  5 PagesModern Day Human Sex Trafficking With the advances in technology society now mainly uses cellphones and the internet as means of communication; traffickers see this as an opportunity, by using technology as a tool to reach victims from all around the world, as well as buyers. However, as traffickers are adapting to the online market for trafficking, technology is also creating ways in which we can identify traffickers and victims. Sex trafficking has been around for centuries, howeverRead MoreThere are so many ways in which young victims are enticed to sex trafficking, pimps posing as1700 Words   |  7 PagesThere are so many ways in which young victims are enticed to sex trafficking, pimps posing as modeling agencies, fake massage parlors, maid services, or just flat out black mail and abduction. Pimps prey on young vulnerable victims for sole purpose of making as much as they possibly can. This is just one of many devastating stories of our teenagers who are coerced into sex trafficking. Due to recent advances in technology traffickers are able to reach anyone via the internet. There are no limitationsRead MoreA Stolen Community : Where Are The Victims?1466 Words   |  6 Pagestoward prostitution. Approximately 300,000 children are at risk of being prostituted in the United States. In fact, human trafficking generates $9.5 billion yearly in the United States. The median age of entry into prostitution fo r a child victim in the United States is 13-14 years old. The average victim may be forced to have sex up to 20-48 times a day. Human trafficking has disgustingly shaped today’s society and has robbed us of our children and parents; It is an illegal recruitment of defenselessRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is A Societal Issue That Has Been Existent1403 Words   |  6 PagesHuman trafficking is a societal issue that has been existent for ages. It is considered a vice the world over. The social justice issue has three main aspects that help understand its holistic nature. It is important to understand the act, how it is done, and the reason it is done. This paper seeks to major on how it is done (the means) in the United States. Human trafficking involves the acquiring or transfer of persons (the act). The act means that there must be two parties involved; those whoRead MoreAn Empirical Association Between Dependent And Independent Variables1123 Words   |  5 PagesMethods There is an empirical association between the dependent and independent variables. My research design for this paper will be a longitudinal research design. My data will be collected over time. My dependent variable are the Cambodian citizens. The independent variable in my research proposal are the laws enforced to combat trafficking. I will study whether the static, unchanging forms of law in Cambodia and determine if the number of victims to human trafficking decreased, increased or stayedRead MoreSex Trafficking Of Women And Children897 Words   |  4 PagesWhilst numerous reports suggest a decline in sex trafficking of women and children in Cambodia, Cambodia still remains one of the largest destinations of sex tourism. Many methods have been implemented on both a national and community level in order to combat this criminal activity across the country; however none have been sufficient enough to entirely eradicate sex trafficking of persons in Cambodia. Thus a number of recomm endations to combat these human rights violations have been listed, as follows:Read MoreTaking a Look at Maritime Security1349 Words   |  5 Pageschallenge for competing states. Another security concern within the IOR is that of asymmetrical threats. These threats will target the energy/resource sector as well as the various vessels that cross the IOR. Crime, including that of piracy, human trafficking and smuggling is an imperative issue that regularly occurs within the IOR. These are the principal maritime security challenges in the IOR and provide all states, which operate in the region, a difficult task in countering these issues. MaritimeRead MoreDomestic Minor Sex Trafficking : Prostitution Or Exploitation?1518 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic Minor Sex Trafficking: Prostitution or Exploitation? Although the history of child sex trafficking in developing nations has been widely documented, recently research has revealed that minor sex trafficking (also known as child prostitution) is a growing problem within U.S. borders as well. â€Å"Child prostitution is the sexual exploitation of a minor for profit, which can include money, drugs, or other items of value† (Center for Arizona Policy, 2014). The sexual exploitation of minorsRead MoreNo Matter Where In The World You Are, There Is Going To1445 Words   |  6 PagesNo matter where in the world you are, there is going to be some type of human trafficking going on in the dark, we need to bring this problem to light so we can help the victims reclaim their lives. Since the early ages, human trafficking has existed. According to Tsin Yen Koh (2016), â€Å"human trafficking has roots in the transatlantic slave trade of the sixteenth to nineteenth century, when an estimated 9.5 million people were transported from Afri ca by European slave traders to work in the colonies

Hemorrhoids are a digestive disorder that half the Essay Example For Students

Hemorrhoids are a digestive disorder that half the Essay population of men and women experience at age fifty. There are two types of hemorrhoids: internal and external. Internal hemorrhoids are found inside the anus or in the lower rectum. External hemorrhoids are found on the tissue surrounding the anal sphincters(the two rings of muscle surrounding the opening to the anus). Hemorrhoids are swollen blood vessels in and around the anus. Hemorrhoids are not a dangerous condition, they only cause pain or discomfort, and tend to go away within a few days. They are tissues that can stretch and swell under pressure. This constant swelling and stretching is the cause for the discomfort of the patient with hemorrhoids. The symptoms for external hemorrhoids are itchy, swollen, lumps around the anal cavity. If the lumps become hard the hemorrhoids have become thrombosed external hemorrhoids. This occurs when the blood clots around a hemorrhoid. The symptoms of internal hemorrhoids include the appearance of blood. This can be seen covering feces, on used toilet paper, or on the patients underwear. External hemorrhoids are common among pregnant women, due to the constant pressure on their abdomens. If an internal hemorrhoid starts to poke out of the anus it is called a protruding hemorrhoid. A protruding hemorrhoid may need to be treated through surgery. Hemorrhoids can be diagnosed by several types of examinations. External hemorrhoids are diagnosed simply by a doctor looking at the anus. The diagnosis of internal hemorrhoids requires probing. A doctor could perform a digital rectal exam. This is when a doctor wears a latex glove coated in Vaseline and inserts a finger into the anus to feel for irregular lumps. Two other possible examinations require the use of hollowed out, flexible, lighted tubes. These tubes are called anoscopes or proctoscopes. These provide a visual of the rectum and anus. Treatment for external hemorrhoids include: the application of medicated cream, soaking in warm water several times a day, and the use of ice packs to reduce swelling. External hemorrhoids are treated with suppositories(pills taken through the anus) and, in rare cases, with minor surgery. Since hemorrhoids are partly caused by large solid bowl movements one treatment used to prevent hemorrhoids is a fiber supplement. This allows less water to be absorbed into the large intestines, making a softer stool. Fiber supplements such as psylium(Metamucil) and methyl cellulose(Citrucel) are the most commonly prescribed. SOURCEShttp://www.healthtouch.com/level1/leaflets/nddic/nddic094.htmInterview: Took place 2/13/00: Interviewed hemorrhoid patient would like to be listed as:Anonymous

Water Pollution in Bangladesh Essay Example

Water Pollution in Bangladesh Paper Water is the most vital element among the natural resources, and is crucial for the survival of all living organisms. The environment, economic growth and development of Bangladesh are all highly influenced by water its regional and seasonal availability, and the quality of surface and groundwater. Spatial and seasonal availability of surface and groundwater is highly responsive to the monsoon climate and physiographic of the country. Availability also depends on upstream withdrawal for consumptive and nonconsecutive uses. In terms of quality, the surface water of the country is unprotected from untreated industrial effluents and municipal wastewater, runoff pollution from chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and Oil and lube spillage in the coastal area from the operation of sea and river ports. Bangladesh is the lower riparian of three major river systems, the Ganges- Pad, the Paramount-Jejuna and the Meghan. The aquatic environment for living organisms can be affected and fasciculation of harmful substances in the water-dependent food chain can occur. A variation of inland surface water quality is noticed due to seasonal variation of river flow, operation foundational units and use of agrochemicals. Overall, inland surface water quality in the monsoon season is within tolerable limit with respect to the standard set by the Department of Environment (DoE). We will write a custom essay sample on Water Pollution in Bangladesh specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Water Pollution in Bangladesh specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Water Pollution in Bangladesh specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Causes of Water Pollution The major causes of degradation of inland water quality are related to land based activities, when adequate regulatory measures are not incorporated and the stakeholders do not show proper concern. The underlying driving forces for this are poverty, an unhealthy national economy, lack of institutional strength, and lack of awareness and education. Pollutants that enter the marine and coastal environment originate on land in the form of runoff from municipal, industrial and agricultural wastes, and from commercial seafaring activities. Industrial effluent In Bangladesh, industrial units are mostly located along the banks of the rivers. There are obvious reasons for this such as provision of transportation for incoming raw materials and outgoing finished products. Unfortunately as a consequence, industrial units drain effluents directly into the rivers without any consideration of the environmental degradation. Region, which comprises bout 49 per cent of the total sector. Inorganic pollutants are mostly metallic salts, and basic and acidic compounds. These inorganic components undergo different chemical and biochemical interactions in the river system, and deteriorate water quality. The most problematic industries for the water sector are textiles, tanneries, pulp and paper mills, fertilizer, industrial chemical production and refineries. A complex mixture of hazardous chemicals, both organic and inorganic, is discharged into the water bodies from all these industries usually without treatment. The highest numbers of industrial establishments in the country are located in the North Central (NC) WATER POLLUTION AND SCARCITY Inland Surface Water Pollution The overall inland surface water quality in the monsoon season is within tolerable limits, with few exceptions, including the rivers Brigands, Ball, Statistical, Grappling, and Rupees. However, concerns over surface water quality are gradually emerging due to the dispersed locations of polluting industries, and the adverse effect on surrounding land and aquatic ecosystems, as well as subsequent impacts on the livelihood system of the local community. The extreme examples of this type of effect are near Dacha at Cinnabar and Saver, where industrial effluents are discharged into nearby land and water bodies without any treatment. Among the polluted areas, the Worst problems are in the River Brigands situated to the south of Dacha, where the most significant source of pollution appears to be from tanneries in the Hazarding area. In the dry season, the dissolved oxygen level becomes very low or non-existent and the river becomes toxic (WARP, AAA). Water quality data at TV0 stations of the river Brigands in 1 998, Hazarding and Chad night, showed that DO and BODY exceeded the tolerable limits in the months of January, February, March and December, with the worst situation prevailing in the months of January and February The seasonal variation of water quality in the Brigands is linked with seasonal variation of water flow and the operation of tanneries. Source: Department of Environment, 2000) Groundwater pollution Groundwater has different uses, but the standard for its quality was set nationally. Groundwater was treated as the best source of safe drinking water, before arsenic contamination was reported. However, 54 per cent of hand pumped tubeless were found to have fecal contamination, due to poor wellhead design, faulty construction and management, but the aquifers themselves were not polluted (Hogue, 1998). Source: SWAM Arsenic High levels of arsenic in groundwater can cause serious human health problems if imbibed for a long time (from 5 to 15 years); including skin ailments, damage to internal organs, skin and lung cancers, and eventual death. The recent major studies carried out on arsenic reveal that among 30,000 tubeless studied, 2,000 of them exceeded the national standard Of . 5 MGM/l for drinking purposes (the WHO guideline is 0. 01 MGM/l). The problem is acute in tubeless abstracting groundwater from 10 m to 1 00 m depths in the Southeast, South Central (the northern part only), and Southwest regions. To a lesser extent, the eastern part of the Northeast region, and the very southern fringe of the North Central and Northwest along the river Ganges are affected. The most seriously affected districts are Chandler, and those around it. It was estimated that more than 20 million people drink water exceeding the national standard for arsenic levels. The resent of arsenic is a naturally occurring phenomenon, but prolonged use of the water can be very harmful when the levels cross the standard limit. Contrary to earlier reports by the press, the available evidence strongly argues against the idea that arsenic contamination originates either from the use of synthetic chemicals, such as wood preservatives, or insecticides. Arsenic contamination has considerably serious implications for groundwater abstraction in affected areas. This impinges on domestic water supply, since groundwater is the preferred source, because compared to surface water it is sees likely to be focally polluted. Already thousands of cases of arsenic poisoning have been recorded among local people, and some deaths have been reported. Clinical studies are being carried Out by the Dacha Community Hospital. In agriculture, there are also serious implications from the possible transfer of arsenic into the food chain through crops that are under irrigation with arsenic-contaminated water, and then consumed by humans. There is little evidence of arsenic contamination in rice grains through irrigation with arsenic contaminated water. However, boiling rice in arsenic-affected water goes lead to its contamination, which causes serious problems. The crops most likely to absorb arsenic from irrigation are leafy vegetables, and possibly coconuts, and melons. These crops pass arsenic into the food chain. The effects of arsenic on pond-reared fishes are now under study. Livestock that drinks arsenic-contaminated water should also be under study, because humans consume these animals and their products. The infiltration Of arsenic-affected water in the soil also needs to be studied, along with possibility of infiltration into shallow aquifers. Source: WARP, Bibb CONCLUSION Water resources need to be managed both qualitatively and quantitatively due to their importance for economic development, and the physical and social environments. Particularly in Bangladesh, where water is intricately linked with the lives of people and economy, its value has increased with competing demand. Therefore, economic efficiency of water use is a major policy consideration. Frequent floods and droughts in Bangladesh impose tremendous variability, and make it difficult to manage development based on prices and the market mechanism. The Government of Bangladesh is acing a number Of growing problems, because it cannot address water sills_Jess in a comprehensive manner. Separate ministries and departments are in charge of pollution control, surface irrigation, groundwater irrigation, fisheries, public health, environment, municipal water supply, power and navigation, and each acting independently.

Value Added

Introduction Conventional financial reporting shows the firm’s disclose of the financial position of a firm (balance sheet), the financial performance of the firm (income statement), and the movement of cash flow (cash flow statement) (Riahi-Belkaoui, 2004).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Value Added specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although these statements are very useful over time, they fail to give important information about the total productivity of the firm and the share of each team involved in the management of resources: shareholders, workers, government, suppliers, customers, and other stakeholders (Riahi-Belkaoui, 2004). Therefore, this paper will attempt to show firm’s value addition and how it is distributed to the stakeholders. Value Added According to Haslam and Neale (2000) value added is the accumulation of the wealth earned through productive utilization of the company’s r esources such as assets before it is distributed to the owners, government, customers, creditors, employees, suppliers and the public in general. Value added as defined by Riahi-Belkaoui (1992) is the return generated by the firm to its owners, government, workers, and capital providers such as creditors, supplier and bondholders and it can be calculated by adding earnings before tax to the financing costs (interest) and payroll costs. Similarly, value added may be calculated by subtracting costs incurred during purchasing of the services or goods from the sales revenue. Additionally, the difference between output and input explains effectively the concept of value added, and in reality this is what is used by the government in calculating value added tax. Wood (1978) defines value added as a measure of the wealth added or created and distributed by the company through an activity like Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) to various firm’s stakeholders such as shareholders, government, creditors, suppliers, customers among others. Thus, it measures net instead of firm’s gross output. In addition, International Labour Organisation, IMF, OECD, UN, Economic Commission for Europe and World Bank (2004) defines value added as the variance between firm’s output value created in a certain period and the firm’s input value acquired or purchased from various companies in order to produce the output. In the form of an equation, value added can be illustrated as shown below; Value Added = Value of the Outputs – Value of the InputsAdvertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There are two ways in which value added can be classified; Gross Value Added (GVA) and Net Value Added (NVA). GVA is determined by adding up sales revenue to any other income generated from various sources or services less purchased services or raw materials from other c ompanies (Mandal and Goswami, 2008). GVA can be used to gauge contribution towards the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) made by the industry or sector or individual producer (OECD, 2001). On the other hand, NVA is the variance between depreciation and the GVA. NVA may also be determined through the producer or manufacturer prices or factor prices or basic prices (Eurostat, 2010). To begin with Cox (1979) proposed two methods that can be used to calculate value added; additive method and subtractive method. Under the additive method, value added is determined as follows; Value Added = Profit/Earnings before taxes + Employees’ cost + Depreciation + Taxation + Interest charges The additive method equation illustrates how wealth can be distributed to the creditors, employees, and government among other stakeholders. On the other hand, subtractive method describes how wealth is earned or created and the following formula can be used to determine the value added; Value Added = Sales + Services’ income – Cost of sales/ Services purchased This means that, in order to determine the value added one must use income statement, which indicates the loss or profit made by the company over a certain period like one year or quarter of semi-annual, and how it is calculated as well as appropriated. And just like income statement, value-added statement indicates value added by the firm over a period of time as well as how it is determined and appropriated to the stakeholders.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Value Added specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, returns allocated to employees include salaries, wages and the staff expenses; to government include corporation tax and income tax; to shareholders is dividends; to business is retained profits; and financiers is the share capital’s dividends and interest on the loan. In simple terms, profit is determined by subtracting all business costs from sales. While value added is variance between revenue obtained after selling the company’s product and services and raw materials costs purchased to manufacture these services or goods. Indeed, profit is the value added less the costs of value addition by the firm. An Example To show the Value-Added Statement Analysis, BT Plc is used as an example. The following table show the value added that is computed from the BT Plc financial statements for the period ended March 31, 2011. From the statement, the BT Plc’s value added is  £10,355 million, which also applies to various stakeholders.  £ â€Å"million† Sales Revenue/Turnover 20,449 Less: Cost of materials/ services bought 10,094 Value Added 10,355 Applied To Employees (Wages Salaries) 4,798 To Providers of Finance (Lenders – Interest) 861 To Providers of Capital (Shareholders – Dividend) 543 To Government (Payment of Corporation Tax, Income Tax) 21 3 To Maintenance and Expansion of Assets (Depreciation Retained Profits) 3,940 10,355 Table 1: BT Plc Value-Added Statement The value-added concept is an important tool for appraising the firm’s performance whose operations have an effect on the economic and social well-being of the society. It recognises various contributors who have made contributions to the process of generating the value like the government, shareholders, financiers and employees. Relationship between value added, cash flow and profit and firm’s sales performance A strong relationship exists between the firm’s financial statements, in that the value added, profit and cash flow are strongly related to the firm’s sales performance. First, the firm’s profit depends strongly on the firm’s sales performance as well as its target. This means that if the BT is not making any profit one would easily look at the firm’s sales budget and performance. And if sales pe rformance is poor, this implies that the firm is making losses. Conversely, in case the firm is more profitable this means that the firm sold more units and exceeded its budget. But at times high profit does not imply high sales. For instance, the firm may purchase products from the supplier at a lower price, with an expectation that it will sell the same to consumers in huge volumes at a higher price, thus expecting high profit. If the firm does not sell the expected volume, this means that the firm may end up with obsolete stock and losses (Heshmati and Loof, 2006).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More BT Plc requires capital in order for it to survive as well as for it to undertake future investment in new assets. The cash is used to purchase resources used to manufacture services or goods, which are then sold. This process is known as cash-flow cycle, which involves the movement of firm’s incomes and expenditures for a period of time. Cash flow as a vital part of the firm is linked with firm’s sales performance. In case the firm sells services or goods, the volume of sales determines how much is earned by the firm. Thus, if the firm is profitable, the firm’s sales performance is excellent resulting to extra addition of cash to cycle of the cash flow. On the contrary, if firm’s sales performance is poor, the firm may be unable to put more cash to the cycle of cash flow as it had anticipated. Therefore, most businesses fail as a result of inadequate cash flow instead of profitability (Heshmati and Loof, 2006). The value-added statement mirrors how BT Pl c creates wealth and how wealth is distributed to the stakeholders. Revenue is generated when services or goods are sold, not when the cash is paid. Hence, for credit sales, the time of sales is before the cash is required. The revenue can also be considered as the starting point for profit. However, the precise relationship is not necessarily linear that is every dollar of extra revenue does not necessarily translate to an extra dollar of profit for two main reasons: (1), the presence of indirect variable and fixed costs and taxes. Different firms have different levels of gearing indirectly variable costs that normally vary non-linearly with the output, while the fixed costs, which are measured as a percentage of total costs are operating costs like rent, will be constant. Thus when sales increase, the profit will as well increase (Heshmati and Loof, 2006). (2), as a business grows and increases its profit, it requires more capital. However, the cost of capital does not stay the sa me because of the amount of risk that capital providers perceive in investing in the company. This means that larger firms represent lower risk. Therefore, it can be seen that there is a non-linearity between profit and EVA and, hence, a non-linearity between sales and EVA (Referenceforbusiness, 2010). Finally, net profit will turn into net cash flow, but over any time period there is a fluctuating relationship, which is largely influenced by economic circumstances. For example, during economic downturns, demand decreases and BT may be forced to delay payments to their suppliers as a result of decreased purchasing power. References Cox, B. 1979. Value added: An appreciation for the accountant concerned with  industry. London: Heinemann. Print. Eurostat. 2010. Glossary: Gross Value Added at market prices. Web. Haslam, C. and Neale, A. 2000. Economic in a Business Context. London: Business press. Heshmati, A. and Loof, H. 2006. Investment and performance of firms: Correlation or   Casuality? CESIS Electronic Working Paper Series, Paper No.72. Web. International Labour Organisation, IMF, OECD, UN, Economic Commission for Europe and World Bank. 2004. Producer price index manual: theory and practice. Washington DC: IMF. Mandal, N. and Goswami, S. 2008. Value Added Statement (VAS) – A Critical Analysis: A case study of Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited. Great Lakes Herald, 2(2):98-120. OECD. 2001. Gross Value Added. Web. Referenceforbusiness. 2010. Economic Profit. Web. Riahi-Belkaoui, A. 1992. Value added reporting: Lessons for the United States. New York: Greenwood Publishing Group. Print. Riahi-Belkaoui, A. 2004. Accounting Theory, 5th edition. London: Cengage Learning EMEA. Reprint. Wood, E. 1978. Added value: The key to prosperity. London: Business Books. This essay on Value Added was written and submitted by user Justus Rowland to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Food Security †Living in Hunger

Food Security – Living in Hunger Free Online Research Papers Food security describes a situation in which a human being does not have to live in hunger or fear starvation. According to the (1996 World Food Summit) food security exists when every person has physical and economic access at all times to healthy and nutritious food in sufficient quantity to cover the needs of their daily ration and food preferences in order to live a healthy and active life. As a concept it can be applied at many levels: global, national, household and individual. World-wide around 852 million men, women and children are frequently hungry due to extreme poverty; while up to 2 billion people lack food security due to varying degrees of poverty.(FAO2003). Food consumption levels reflect on poverty, families that don’t suffer from chronic hunger are the ones with financial resources, while the ones that suffer most are the ones without any financial resources and are also that part of the population that will be affected most in case of food shortages or famine. Food insecurity can be categorized either as chronic or transitory. Chronic food insecurity translates into a high degree of vulnerability to famine and hunger, ensuring food security presupposes elimination of that vulnerability. Chronic hunger is not famine, it is similar to under nourishment and is related to poverty, it exists mainly in poor countries. Food security as an issue became prominent in the 1970s and has been a topic of considerable attention since then, thirty definitions of it have been identified by Maxwell and Frankenberger (1992). Originally there was a tendency to understand the issue of food security only from a supply point of view. In 1979 the World Food Programme Report conceptualized food security, equating it with an assurance of supplies and a balanced supply-demand situation of stable foods in the international market. The report also emphasized that increasing food production in the developing countries would be the basis on which to build their food security. This would mean that the monitoring by famine early warning systems for food insecurity should focus on the availability of food in the world marketplace and on the food production systems of developing countries. However, global food availability does not ensure food security to any particular country because what is available in the world market (o r the surplus in the US or Canada) cannot be accessed by famine-affected people in African countries, as the economies of these countries, in general, cannot generate the foreign currency needed to purchase food from the world market. Three-quarters of the world’s poor and hungry are located in rural areas. These people depend directly and indirectly on agriculture and agriculture-related activities for their food and income. USAID proposed several key steps to increasing agricultural productivity which is in turn key to increasing rural income and reducing food insecurity. These key steps include: Boosting agricultural science and technology. Rising agricultural productivity drives economic growth. Improved agricultural technology is a key component for boosting productivity. This includes support to agricultural research and support to the application of improved technologies and practices. Developing domestic market and international trade opportunities. Expanding farmers’ commercial opportunities is critical for ensuring adequate returns. This includes improving domestic markets and international trade opportunities. Improving policy frameworks. Only with sound policies in place can domestic and foreign private investment and development assistance catalyze growth by helping people solve the problems that all too often keep them poor and food insecure. Securing property rights and access to finance. Asset distribution shapes broad-based progress because it determines the impact of the economic benefits. Asset distribution also contributes to empowerment, hence participation and ownership, by the larger proportion of the rural population. Protecting the vulnerable. Conflict prevention and resolution mechanisms and democracy and governance based on principles of accountability and transparency in public institutions and the rule of law are basic to reducing vulnerability in the short term and eliminate conditions that create vulnerability over the long term. Enhancing human capital. Better education and improved health contribute to greater scientific capacity, more productive farmers, and better decision-makers over a range of economic and non-economic activities. The agriculture, hunger, poverty nexus is also a very important link involved into ensuring food security, utterly removing hunger and poverty requires an understanding of the ways in which these two injustices interconnect. Hunger, and the malnourishment that accompanies it, prevents poor people from escaping poverty because it reduces their ability to learn, work, and care for themselves and their family members. If left unaddressed, hunger sets in motion an array of outcomes that prolongs malnutrition, reduces the ability of adults to work and to give birth to healthy children, and erodes childrens ability to learn and lead productive, healthy, and happy lives. This shortage of human development undermines a countrys potential for economic development for generations to come. Of the eight Millennium Development Goals, eradicating extreme hunger and poverty depends on agriculture the most. Millennium development goal’s one calls for halving hunger and poverty by 2015 in relation to 1990 and also halve the proportion of people whose income is less than $1 a day between this same period. Another method of achieving food security is the ‘‘Special Programme for Food Security.’’(SPFS) This is Food and Agricultures Organization’s flagship into achieving the above goals which is adopted by 105 countries today with donations of up to $800 million dollars. It assists countries, particularly but not exclusively Low-Income Food-Deficit Countries (LIFDCs), to improve food security within poor households through National Food Security Programmes (NFSPs) and Regional Programmes for Food Security (RFSPs). Their most current goal after an independent evaluation in 2002 is to move away from their exclusive focus on raising agricultural output, to finding ways to improve poor peoples access to food. New directions include locally supplied school meals, food for work schemes and capacity-building activities to improve agriculture, aquaculture, agroprocessing, animal health and irrigation techniques. It is also replacing the earlier trend for smal l-scale pilot projects with National Food Security Programmes which address the needs of a country as a whole in a more holistic and comprehensive way. Bibliography A global view of food security. Agriculture + Rural Development Singer, H. W. (1997). Agriculture, food security, nutrition and the Millennium Development Goals Von Braun, Joachim; Swami Nathan, M. S.; Rosegrant, Mark W. World Bank. World Development Report 2000/2001: AttackingPoverty. Oxford University Press, 2000. worldbank.org/ Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations fao.org An Active Learning Approach to Teaching About World Hunger MATTHEW KRAIN and CHRISTINA J. SHADLE. (2006) US AID usaid.gov/index.html World Food Summit fao.org/wfs/index_en.htm Household food security: concepts, indicators, and measurements: a technical review. New York, NY, USA and Rome, UNICEF and IFAD. Maxwell, S. Frankenberger,1992. Research Papers on Food Security - Living in HungerGenetic EngineeringAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropePETSTEL analysis of IndiaMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductDefinition of Export QuotasLifes What IfsThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided Era

Windshield survey of Los Angeles California Assignment

Windshield survey of Los Angeles California - Assignment Example In reference to public health, the community is usually viewed as the client. It is imperative that proper planning is done in addressing the welfare of a community. One way of planning is through surveys. This paper is a Windshield Survey of Los Angeles, California. Housing and zoning The policy of land use is how land is used by communities within their boundaries. This policy establishes density for zonal development and development intensity for industrial and commercial uses. The overall plan is to manage all uses of land occurring in Los Angeles County by providing the scheme on how the to plan and address challenges of land use that may be faced. The element of land use uses short-term programs and strategies of providing comprehensive and flexible guidelines for the decisions on county land use and future development. This element also identifies the policies and goals that guide the extent of land housing, general location of housing, and other land uses in the county (Todd, 2007). Transport One of the major means of transport are, air transportation as evidenced by the presence of airports such as Lax (Los Angeles international Airport) and Ontario international airport. Other means of transport are train and bus services between cities, ferry services for water transport, bus services within the city and walking on foot. Race and ethnicity The downtown consists of Asians, African Americans, white non-Hispanic, Chinese, Filipino, Mexican, Korean, and Indian among others. These groups are said to outnumber whites. Open space The open space has Los Angeles union station which is the major transportation Hub that converge railways and bus services. It also has a collection of shops, a museum, and eateries police departments, with their buildings, shopping malls, city hall and commercial banks. Service centers There are various service centers which look into the welfare of the parties involved. These include; AIDS Service Center, Korean American Family S ervice Center, Ori's Automotive Service Center, Chinatown service center, L.A. Gay & Lesbian Center. Religion and politics The main religious bodies include; Catholics, Pentecostals, Baptists, Lutherans, Jewish, Islam, Eastern, Presbyterian, Methodist, Episcopalian, and other Christians. The county has different political parties. (Brint, 2009) American independent party pledges to stop wars which are claiming lives of more Americans, stop impulse spending on foreign aid, do away with federal income tax, slow down immigration, stop illegal alien entering the country, defend national moral values, stop abortion, raise the standards of education, among other pledges. Communist party pledges to defeat the Bush administration agenda, ensure people’s wellbeing, and replace large business with labor to ensure that rights, expanding needs of the people and economic security are put on the forefront. Republican Party has a mission of winning elections. Reform party promotes job openi ngs, budget balance, alternative energy sources, debt repayment, military families’ fairness, and reform in healthcare, government waste elimination, finance reform campaigns and many others. Other parties include; Constitution Party, Democratic Party, Democratic Socialists , Green Party, Libertarian Party, Natural Law Party, Socialist Party (Peterson, 1994). Official Boundaries of the County The county boundary starts from the southwesterly of California to northeasterly of rancho Simi then to southeast of the township line. Stores and street people The county contains the largest number of homeless people in the whole nation. This is approximated to be